Challenge your Brain Improve your cognitive skills. Cognition covers various cognitive processes, like learning, attention, memory, language, reasoning, and decision-making. These processes are all part of our intellectual development. Different fields of study, such as neurology, psychology, philosophy, and information sciences, have all delved into the study of cognition. However, it was cognitive psychology that really started exploring how information processing influences our behavior and the connection between different mental processes in acquiring knowledge.